Summary

A blowout at the Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling rig caused an explosion and uncontrolled oil release for 87 days, becoming the largest marine oil spill in history.

Systemic Features

  • Safety culture and regulatory oversight failures
  • Technical failure of blowout preventer and risk externalisation
  • Single-point failure triggering long-tail environmental and economic collapse

Cascading Systems Affected

  • Marine ecosystems & fisheries
  • Tourism industries
  • Politics & regulation
  • Public trust and legal systems
  • Energy sector operational standards

Impacts

  • Massive economic losses to Gulf Coast regions
  • Long-term ecological and health impacts
  • Largest environmental litigation case in U.S. history